Author: duncancolquhoun

Antennas designed for operation in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands serve a wide range of wireless applications, particularly those requiring low-power, license-exempt communication. These frequency ranges—such as 13.56 MHz, 433 MHz, 868/915 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz—are standardized internationally by the ITU-R and adopted regionally with specific regulatory constraints. While originally intended for scenarios other than communication […]

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) utilize satellite communication technology to extend the coverage of existing cellular communications resources and to bridge the gaps between fiber and cellular infrastructure. They are composed of network assets on the ground, in the air and in space. These include satellites, low altitude platforms (LAPs), which use fleets of drones to provide […]