Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) utilize satellite communication technology to extend the coverage of existing cellular communications resources and to bridge the gaps between fiber and cellular infrastructure. They are composed of network assets on the ground, in the air and in space. These include satellites, low altitude platforms (LAPs), which use fleets of drones to provide coverage, and high altitude platforms (HAPs), which can use both drones and balloons. In this article, we look at NTN module use cases.

Every NTN connects to the terrestrial internet with fiber links connecting land stations and laser-optical technology used to connect satellites. From satellite gateways on the ground, NTNs connect cellular networks to satellite constellations with links that offer speeds of more than 20Gbps. A key benefit of NTNs is that they enable communication services to be accessed from any location, including airborne vehicles.

Low power, low data with NB-IoT NTNs

In terms of communication technologies, current NTN variants include NB-IoT NTNs, which are utilized for use cases that require low power consumption and low data rates. NR NTN, on the other hand, uses 5G New Radio to support higher data rates.

NB-IoT NTN is typically used to send and receive non-real-time data from devices in remote locations. These include NTN module use cases in agriculture, shipping, construction and forestry. While tracking a cow via satellite would not be financially viable, the radical cost reduction involved in an NB-IoT NTN service means that services are now viable and offer added value to farmers. In addition, farmers can deploy NTN devices in fields to monitor crop health, weather and soil moisture. An NTN ensures these devices can function even if remote farmland is not served by terrestrial or cellular networks.

Location, condition and performance use cases

There are numerous logistics applications for NTNs enabling location platforms for asset tracking containers or monitoring the humidity or temperature of goods in a vessel in the middle of the ocean.

Energy infrastructure, such as remote pipelines or extraction sites also turn to NTNs to connect devices to prevent theft or tampering or to monitor performance. NB-IoT NTN devices can be added to wind turbines or solar panels in remote locations to report on maintenance needs and power generation.

Similarly, there are several NTN module use cases in monitoring water and other environmental indicators. Additionally, there are use cases for scientific research. There are also potential consumer applications for NB-IoT NTNs. That is provided the use cases have relatively low data transmission demands and can be justified by no terrestrial network capacity being available.

High data volume, low latency 5G NR NTN use cases

In contrast to NB-IoT NTNs, NR NTNs encompass use cases that demand immediate communication. NR NTN module use cases include remote control of machines or autonomous vehicles. This technology also supports use cases that involve voice or video calling and media streaming.

Telecoms providers are interested in NTN NR to provide backhaul for their cellular networks. This is especially true in areas of limited fiber infrastructure, and to support fixed wireless access (FWA) service propositions where cellular coverage is lacking.

Any IoT use case that needs 5G-like data transmission capabilities and is not constrained by battery life could be well supported by NTN NR. This is because of the efficient data exchange the technology offers in addition to ubiquitous global coverage.

Mission-critical applications for NTN modules

NTN NR is also suitable for mission critical use cases involving public safety. NTN NR can support real-time communication and fast responses. In the case of a disaster scenario in which terrestrial networks are non-operational, responders can rely on NTN NR to enable their work.

Finally, in the automotive sector, NTN NR is able to support V2X communications, development of autonomous driving and vehicles and advanced telematics. Here, the technology’s ubiquitous coverage ensures that essential vehicle services are available anywhere.

NTNs provide an elegant way to bring the benefits of total global coverage that satellite communications networks offer at a lower cost and with lower energy demands to a vast array of new use cases. They also fill the gaps in cellular and fiber infrastructure. Importantly, addressing areas of the planet that these technologies will never serve.